PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.